Induced Immunosuppression in Critical Care

The maladaptive nature of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which may be caused by sepsis, trauma, or ischemia-reperfusion injury, is characterized by a shift towards the distant effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Shock, blood loss, and metabolic disorders may cause the onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The final phase of critical illness is generally associated with induced immunosuppression and dysfunctions of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, release of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, damage to glycocalyx and endothelium, and impaired metabolic conjugation. This review is aimed at providing novel evidences on the roles of various immune components, either innate or acquired, in the induction of immunosuppression from the standpoint of the rapid diagnosis of immune disorders in the intensive care unit using flow cytometry as a commonly accepted option

Tensile strength of materials obtained by electric pulse consolidation of powders

A wide range of products of modern technology, obtained by electropulse consolidation of powders, has dimensions that do not exceed 10-15 mm in diameter, and their thickness varies from 1 to 10 mm. Standard mechanical testing methods for such sample sizes are often not applicable. The article investigates the possibility of determining the resistance to fracture of materials obtained from powders by electric pulse consolidation method using the test method for bending thin disks on an annular support and testing short cylinders according to the Brazilian test . A numerical simulation of the process of bending a thin disk on an annular support and compression of a short cylinder according to the “Brazilian test” scheme has been carried out. Techniques are verified by testing small-sized thin disks and short cylinders made of gray cast iron and graphite. It is revealed a difference in the nature of the destruction of cast iron samples (plastic failure) and samples of graphite (brittle fracture). The good correspondence of the characters of destruction of graphite samples and samples produced from powders by the electric pulse consolidation is shown. The results of comparative studies of the tensile strength of compacts of nano and ultrafine alumina powders with a spherical shape of particles obtained by the SPS method are presented. The influence of various additives and manufacturing technology of materials on the resistance of the material to brittle fracture is revealed. The effect of the thickness of the cylinders on the strength of aluminum oxide Al2O3 is investigated. The possibility of determining the tensile strength of materials obtained by consolidating from powders using the electric pulse method by bending small-sized thin disks on an annular support, and short cylinders using the “Brazilian test” scheme is demonstrated

β-SiAlON-based ceramic composites by combustion synthesis and spark plasma sintering

Spark-plasma sintering (SPS) of composite ceramics in the β-Si5AlON7– system (SiC, TiN, BN) was studied. An effective mechanism of intensification of sintering processes was revealed due to the introduction of h-BN, having a scaly structure and playing the role of a solid lubricant, which improves the compressibility of the sintered powder mixtures under load. For composites containing 0–30 wt. % h-BN, 0–40 wt.% β-SiC, and 0–40 wt. % TiN, with different character distribution of components by volume (homogeneous, layered and gradient), the optimal parameters of the PCA were established, ensuring the achievement of a high level of relative density (not less than 95%) and functional characteristics. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Advantages of the method of high-voltage consolidation of powder materials

The main features of high-voltage electropulse consolidation (H-VEC) of powder materials and the unique possibilities of the method caused by them are considered. The electro-thermal processes in the H-VEC at the contacts between the powder particles and in the macroscale of the whole consolidated sample are analyzed. The results of calculations of the dynamics of closure (collapse) of interparticle pores in the consolidated material are presented. The experimental results of high voltage consolidation W-based heavy alloys are discussed and a theoretical analysis of the kinetics of compaction of powder materials is made. The results of investigation of the macro- and microstructure of consolidated materials and the stress - strain testing are presented. Compression testing showed that all tested alloys bear compressive stress at room temperature without failure. Figure 1 shows a characteristic diagram of the compressive deformation, which indicates the appearance and development of plastic deformation at the stress above 1250 MPa. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, support and rehabilitation of patients after a stroke

Aymedov Konstantine V., Grigoryev Evgeny O., Luzhetska Nadiia A. Current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, support and rehabilitation of patients after a stroke. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(3):265-275. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1133243 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5168 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2016. Revised 20.03.2016. Accepted: 23.03.2016. Current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, support and rehabilitation of patients After a stroke 1Konstantine V. Aymedov, 2Evgeny O. Grigoryev, 3Nadiia A. Luzhetska 1Odessa National Medical University 2Odessa Municipal Department of Health Care 3Odessa Regional Medical Center for Mental Health e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The authors focus their attention on the relevance and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among whom a significant percentage is occupied by strokes. For every 100 million people there are about 500 thousand strokes and cerebral vascular crises per year. The urgency of this problem causes a high percentage of disability patients (15-30%). Primary diagnosis and early intervention play an important role in the further rehabilitation of stroke patients. The authors note the urgent need to revise the methods of early diagnosis and the use of modern technologies in diagnosis. Synthesis and analysis of scientific and theoretical achievements and the results of experimental studies was aimed at examining modern research methods with the aim of choosing an adequate diagnostic method and isolating the main neurosurgical markers in individuals who had suffered a stroke. Key words: stroke, cerebrovascular diseases, diagnostics, endovascular neurosurgery, reconstructive neurosurgery, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke

The Fabrication of Bioresorbable Implants for Bone Defects Replacement Using Computer Tomogram and 3D Printing

The present work demonstrates the possibility of production of personalized implants from bioresorbable polymers designed for replacement of bone defects. The stages of creating a personalized implant are described, which include the obtaining of 3D model from a computer tomogram, development of the model with respect to shape of bone fitment bore using Autodesk Meshmixer software, and 3D printing process from bioresorbable polymers. The results of bioresorbable polymer scaffolds implantation in pre-clinical tests on laboratory animals are shown. The biological properties of new bioresorbable polymers based on poly(lactic acid) were studied during their subcutaneous, intramuscular, bone and intraosseous implantation in laboratory animals. In all cases, there was a lack of a fibrous capsule formation around the bioresorbable polymer over time. Also, during the performed study, conclusions were made on osteogenesis intensity depending on the initial state of bone tissue

The Fabrication of Bioresorbable Implants for Bone Defects Replacement Using Computer Tomogram and 3D Printing

The present work demonstrates the possibility of production of personalized implants from bioresorbable polymers designed for replacement of bone defects. The stages of creating a personalized implant are described, which include the obtaining of 3D model from a computer tomogram, development of the model with respect to shape of bone fitment bore using Autodesk Meshmixer software, and 3D printing process from bioresorbable polymers. The results of bioresorbable polymer scaffolds implantation in pre-clinical tests on laboratory animals are shown. The biological properties of new bioresorbable polymers based on poly(lactic acid) were studied during their subcutaneous, intramuscular, bone and intraosseous implantation in laboratory animals. In all cases, there was a lack of a fibrous capsule formation around the bioresorbable polymer over time. Also, during the performed study, conclusions were made on osteogenesis intensity depending on the initial state of bone tissue

Concurrent Thermochemoradiotherapy in Glioblastoma Treatment: Preliminary Results

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. The patient can be alive with this pathology using the modern standard of intensive combined treatment less than 2 years. Between December 2013 and August 2017, 30 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma had received concomitant chemoradiotherapy with transcranial radiofrequency hyperthermia. The gross total or the subtotal resection of the tumor was made previously in all cases. The median follow-up time after operation achieved 12 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5–23 months) in this study. The median disease-free survival time was 9.6 months (95% CI: 7.2–19.0 months). The median overall survival time of patients included in the study was 23.4 months. No increase in the systemic side effects of chemotherapy was found compared with the frequency described in the population. Preliminary results had shown that the usage of concomitant thermochemoradiotherapy with transcranial radiofrequency hyperthermia improves progression-free survival rates. Overall survival rates also tended to increase. Given the absence of severe complications, it is necessary to continue research to achieve statistically significant results